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Big Data Testing
Big Data Testing is a testing process of a big data application in order to ensure that all the functionalities of a big data application works as expected. The goal of big data testing is to make sure that the big data system runs smoothly and error-free while maintaining the performance and security.
Big data is a collection of large datasets that cannot be processed using traditional computing techniques. Testing of these datasets involves various tools, techniques, and frameworks to process. Big data relates to data creation, storage, retrieval and analysis that is remarkable in terms of volume, variety, and velocity. You can learn more about Big Data, Hadoop and MapReduce here
In this Big Data Testing tutorial, you will learn-
What is Big Data Testing Strategy?Testing Big Data application is more verification of its data processing rather than testing the individual features of the software product. When it comes to Big data testing, performance and functional testing are the keys.
In Big Data testing strategy, QA engineers verify the successful processing of terabytes of data using commodity cluster and other supportive components. It demands a high level of testing skills as the processing is very fast. Processing may be of three types
Along with this, data quality is also an important factor in Hadoop testing. Before testing the application, it is necessary to check the quality of data and should be considered as a part of database testing. It involves checking various characteristics like conformity, accuracy, duplication, consistency, validity, data completeness, etc. Next in this Hadoop Testing tutorial, we will learn how to test Hadoop applications.
How to test Hadoop Applications
The following figure gives a high-level overview of phases in Testing Big Data Applications
Big Data Testing or Hadoop Testing can be broadly divided into three steps
Step 1: Data Staging ValidationThe first step in this big data testing tutorial is referred as pre-Hadoop stage involves process validation.
Data from various source like RDBMS, weblogs, social media, etc. should be validated to make sure that correct data is pulled into the system
Comparing source data with the data pushed into the Hadoop system to make sure they match
Verify the right data is extracted and loaded into the correct HDFS location
Tools like Talend, Datameer, can be used for data staging validation
Step 2: “MapReduce” ValidationThe second step is a validation of “MapReduce”. In this stage, the Big Data tester verifies the business logic validation on every node and then validating them after running against multiple nodes, ensuring that the
Map Reduce process works correctly
Data aggregation or segregation rules are implemented on the data
Key value pairs are generated
Validating the data after the Map-Reduce process
Step 3: Output Validation PhaseThe final or third stage of Hadoop testing is the output validation process. The output data files are generated and ready to be moved to an EDW (Enterprise Data Warehouse) or any other system based on the requirement.
Activities in the third stage include
To check the transformation rules are correctly applied
To check the data integrity and successful data load into the target system
To check that there is no data corruption by comparing the target data with the HDFS file system data
Architecture TestingHadoop processes very large volumes of data and is highly resource intensive. Hence, architectural testing is crucial to ensure the success of your Big Data project. A poorly or improper designed system may lead to performance degradation, and the system could fail to meet the requirement. At least, Performance and Failover test services should be done in a Hadoop environment.
Performance testing includes testing of job completion time, memory utilization, data throughput, and similar system metrics. While the motive of Failover test service is to verify that data processing occurs seamlessly in case of failure of data nodes
Performance TestingPerformance Testing for Big Data includes two main action
Data ingestion and Throughout: In this stage, the Big Data tester verifies how the fast system can consume data from various data source. Testing involves identifying a different message that the queue can process in a given time frame. It also includes how quickly data can be inserted into the underlying data store for example insertion rate into a Mongo and Cassandra database.
Data Processing: It involves verifying the speed with which the queries or map reduce jobs are executed. It also includes testing the data processing in isolation when the underlying data store is populated within the data sets. For example, running Map Reduce jobs on the underlying HDFS
Sub-Component Performance: These systems are made up of multiple components, and it is essential to test each of these components in isolation. For example, how quickly the message is indexed and consumed, MapReduce jobs, query performance, search, etc.
Performance Testing ApproachPerformance testing for big data application involves testing of huge volumes of structured and unstructured data, and it requires a specific testing approach to test such massive data.
Performance Testing is executed in this order
The process begins with the setting of the Big data cluster which is to be tested for performance
Prepare individual clients (Custom Scripts are created)
Execute the test and analyzes the result (If objectives are not met then tune the component and re-execute)
Optimum Configuration
Parameters for Performance TestingVarious parameters to be verified for performance testing are
Data Storage: How data is stored in different nodes
Commit logs: How large the commit log is allowed to grow
Caching: Tune the cache setting “row cache” and “key cache.”
Timeouts: Values for connection timeout, query timeout, etc.
JVM Parameters: Heap size, GC collection algorithms, etc.
Map reduce performance: Sorts, merge, etc.
Message queue: Message rate, size, etc.
Test Environment NeedsTest Environment needs to depend on the type of application you are testing. For Big data software testing, the test environment should encompass
It should have enough space for storage and process a large amount of data
It should have a cluster with distributed nodes and data
It should have minimum CPU and memory utilization to keep performance high to test Big Data performance
Big data Testing Vs. Traditional database TestingProperties
Traditional database testing
Big data testing
Data
Tester work with structured data
Tester works with both structured as well as unstructured data
Testing Approach
Testing approach is well defined and time-tested
The testing approach requires focused R&D efforts
Testing Strategy
Tester has the option of “Sampling” strategy doing manually or “Exhaustive Verification” strategy by the automation tool
“Sampling” strategy in Big data is a challenge
Infrastructure
It does not require a special test environment as the file size is limited
It requires a special test environment due to large data size and files (HDFS)
Validation Tools Tester uses either the Excel-based macros or UI based automation tools No defined tools, the range is vast from programming tools like MapReduce to HIVEQL
Testing Tools Testing Tools can be used with basic operating knowledge and less training. It requires a specific set of skills and training to operate a testing tool. Also, the tools are in their nascent stage and over time it may come up with new features.
Tools used in Big Data ScenariosBig Data Cluster
Big Data Tools
NoSQL:
CouchDB, Databases MongoDB, Cassandra, Redis, ZooKeeper, HBase
MapReduce:
Hadoop, Hive, Pig, Cascading, Oozie, Kafka, S4, MapR, Flume
Storage:
S3, HDFS ( Hadoop Distributed File System)
Servers:
Elastic, Heroku, Elastic, Google App Engine, EC2
Processing
R, Yahoo! Pipes, Mechanical Turk, BigSheets, Datameer
Challenges in Big Data Testing
Automation
Automation testing for Big data requires someone with technical expertise. Also, automated tools are not equipped to handle unexpected problems that arise during testing
Virtualization
It is one of the integral phases of testing. Virtual machine latency creates timing problems in real time big data performance testing. Also managing images in Big data is a hassle.
Large Dataset
Need to verify more data and need to do it faster
Need to automate the testing effort
Need to be able to test across different platform
Performance testing challenges
Diverse set of technologies: Each sub-component belongs to different technology and requires testing in isolation
Unavailability of specific tools: No single tool can perform the end-to-end testing. For example, NoSQL might not fit for message queues
Test Scripting: A high degree of scripting is needed to design test scenarios and test cases
Test environment: It needs a special test environment due to the large data size
Monitoring Solution: Limited solutions exists that can monitor the entire environment
Diagnostic Solution: a Custom solution is required to develop to drill down the performance bottleneck areas
Summary
Big data processing could be Batch, Real-Time, or Interactive
3 stages of Testing Big Data applications are Data staging validation, “MapReduce” validation, & Output validation phase
Architecture Testing is the important phase of Big data testing, as poorly designed system may lead to unprecedented errors and degradation of performance
Performance testing for Big data includes verifying Data throughput, Data processing, and Sub-component performance
Big data testing is very different from Traditional data testing in terms of Data, Infrastructure & Validation Tools
Big Data Testing challenges include virtualization, test automation and dealing with large dataset. Performance testing of Big Data applications is also an issue.
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